Dice the onion and celery into approximately 1/4-inch pieces. Finely mince the garlic and chop the fresh parsley.
Meanwhile, place the ground beef in a large, heavy-bottomed pot over medium-high heat. Cook for approximately 5–7 minutes, breaking the meat into smaller pieces as it browns, until no pink remains.
Carefully drain away the excess fat while keeping the browned beef in the pot.
Add the chopped onion and celery to the browned beef. Cook over medium heat for 5–7 minutes, stirring from time to time, until the vegetables become tender and aromatic.
Stir in the minced garlic and continue cooking for another 30 seconds to 1 minute, just until fragrant. Avoid allowing the garlic to burn.
Pour the diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato paste, drained mushrooms, dry red wine, and beef broth into the pot.
Stir thoroughly until the ingredients are evenly combined and the tomato paste has completely blended into the liquid.
Increase the heat to medium-high and bring the sauce mixture to a boil.
Once boiling, add the whole cloves, bay leaves, sugar, dried basil, dried oregano, kosher salt, and black pepper.
Stir well, reduce the heat to low, and partially cover the pot. Allow the sauce to simmer gently for 3 hours, stirring approximately every 30 minutes.
Approximately 15–20 minutes before the sauce has finished simmering, bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil.
Add the dry spaghetti and cook according to the package directions until al dente, leaving the pasta slightly firm when bitten.
Before draining, reserve approximately 1 cup of the starchy pasta cooking water. Drain the spaghetti in a colander.
Remove the finished sauce from the heat. Using a slotted spoon or small strainer, carefully remove and discard the bay leaves and whole cloves.
Transfer the drained spaghetti directly into the sauce and stir until every strand is evenly coated.
If the sauce is thicker than desired, incorporate a small amount of the reserved pasta water until the preferred consistency is reached.
Divide the spaghetti and meat sauce among individual bowls or plates.
Finish each serving generously with freshly grated Parmesan cheese and a light scattering of fresh parsley.