Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C). Cover a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Place the cubed sweet potatoes in a large mixing bowl. Add 2 tablespoons olive oil, smoked paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, salt, and black pepper. Toss thoroughly until every piece is evenly coated with the oil and seasonings.
Arrange the seasoned sweet potatoes across the prepared baking sheet in a single, uncrowded layer.
Roast for 25 minutes, turning the cubes after the first 15 minutes to encourage even browning. Remove them from the oven and set aside.
While the sweet potatoes are roasting, bring a large pot of water to a rolling boil. Add the pasta and cook according to the package directions until al dente.
Drain the cooked pasta, then rinse it under cold running water to halt the cooking process and lower its temperature. Set it aside until needed.
Place the vegan mayonnaise, ¼ cup olive oil, chipotle peppers, adobo sauce, apple cider vinegar, cilantro, basil leaves, and peeled garlic cloves in a food processor.
Blend until the dressing becomes smooth and fully combined. Taste and adjust with additional chipotle pepper or apple cider vinegar when a stronger spicy or tangy flavor is desired. Reserve the finished dressing.
Transfer the cooled pasta to a large serving bowl. Add the roasted sweet potatoes, diced red onion, chopped cilantro, sliced green onions, and drained chickpeas.
Pour the chipotle-cilantro dressing over the salad. Toss carefully until the pasta and vegetables are uniformly coated.
Immediately before serving, gently fold in the diced avocado to preserve its shape, color, and fresh texture.
Serve the sweet potato pasta salad chilled or at room temperature.