Preheat the oven to 425°F (218°C), arranging the oven rack in the center position. Place paper liners in the wells of a muffin tin to prevent sticking and allow the baked muffins to release easily.
Add the all-purpose flour, cinnamon, baking powder, baking soda, and fine sea salt to a large mixing bowl. Whisk thoroughly until the leavening agents and seasonings are evenly dispersed throughout the flour.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the neutral oil, granulated sugar, grated orange zest, eggs, sour cream, orange juice, vanilla extract, and unfed sourdough discard. Continue mixing until the ingredients form a smooth, uniform mixture.
Transfer the dry mixture into the bowl containing the wet ingredients. Stir gently only until the flour is incorporated, taking care not to overmix. Use a spatula to fold in the roughly chopped cranberries until they are evenly distributed.
Divide the cranberry batter among the prepared muffin cups using a large spoon or ice cream scoop. Fill each liner to the top to produce generously sized, bakery-style muffins. Bake at 425°F (218°C) for 5 minutes. Without removing the pan, reduce the oven temperature to 350°F (176°C) and continue baking for another 15–18 minutes. The muffins are ready when a toothpick inserted into the center emerges clean or with only a few moist crumbs attached.
Remove the muffin pan from the oven and allow the muffins to cool completely in the tin. While they cool, whisk the confectioners’ sugar with the orange juice until a smooth glaze forms. Drizzle the glaze over the fully cooled muffins.